What should be used to minimize friction and shear forces in pressure ulcer prevention?

Using proper positioning and equipment is essential in minimizing friction and shear forces, which are significant contributors to the development of pressure ulcers. Proper positioning involves placing patients in ways that reduce pressure on vulnerable areas, such as using pillows or specialized cushions to relieve pressure points. Additionally, the right equipment, such as slide sheets or pressure-relieving mattresses, can help facilitate movement and repositioning without causing excessive friction against the skin.

In contrast, restrictive bandaging might actually create more pressure and could inhibit proper skin assessment and care. Avoiding movement is not a practical solution as it can lead to immobility-related complications like muscle atrophy and does not address the need for regular repositioning to relieve pressure. Maximal bed rest could increase the risk of pressure ulcers due to prolonged pressure on specific areas without adequate repositioning. Therefore, employing proper positioning and equipment is the most effective strategy for preventing pressure ulcers.